标签：risk tobacco leaves cigar than cigars
A cigar is a rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco leaf, produced in a variety of types and sizes to be smoked.
Cigar tobacco is grown in significant quantities primarily in Central America and the islands of the Caribbean, including Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Panama, and Puerto Rico; it is also produced in the Eastern United States, the Mediterranean countries of Italy and Spain (in the Canary Islands), and in Indonesia and the Philippines of Southeast Asia.
The origins of cigar smoking are still unknown. A Guatamalan ceramic pot dating back to the tenth century features a Mayan smoking tobacco leaves tied together with a string.
The word cigar originated from the Spanish cigarro, which in turn probably derives from the Mayan sicar ("to smoke rolled tobacco leaves" – from si'c, "tobacco"). There is also a possible derivation, or at least an influence, from the Spanish cigarra ("cicada"), due to their similar shape. The English word came into general use in 1730.
Explorer Christopher Columbus is generally credited with the introduction of tobacco to Europe. Three of Columbus's crewmen during his 1492 journey are said to have encountered tobacco for the first time on the island of Hispaniola, in what is present day Haiti and the Dominican Republic, when natives presented them with dry leaves that spread a peculiar fragrance.
据历史文献记载，烟草传入中国大约在16世纪末至17世纪初，相继由菲律宾传入福建，由越南传入广东，由朝鲜传入辽东。其中以菲律宾的吕宋岛传入福建的途径时间较早，传播较为广泛。
Tobacco leaves are harvested and aged using a curing process that combines heat and shade to reduce sugar and water content without causing the bigger leaves to rot. This takes between 25 and 45 days, depending upon climatic conditions and the nature of sheds or barns used to store harvested tobacco. Curing varies by type of tobacco and desired leaf color. A slow fermentation follows, where temperature and humidity are controlled to enhance flavor, aroma, and burning characteristics while forestalling rot or disintegration.
The leaf will continue to be baled, inspected, un-baled, re-inspected, and baled again during the aging cycle. When it has matured to manufacturer's specifications it is sorted for appearance and overall quality and used as filler or wrapper accordingly. During this process, leaves are continually moistened to prevent damage.
Once rolled, the cigars are stored in wooden forms as they dry, in which their uncapped ends are cut to a uniform size. From this stage, the cigar is a complete product that can be "laid down" and aged for decades if kept as close to 21 °C (70 °F), and 70% relative humidity.
Quality cigars are still handmade. Some cigars, especially premium brands, use different varieties of tobacco for the filler and the wrapper. In low-grade and machine-made cigars, chopped tobacco leaves are used for the filler, and long leaves or a type of "paper" made from tobacco pulp is used for the wrapper.
Two firms dominate the cigar industry. Altadis produces cigars in the United States, the Dominican Republic, and Honduras, and has a 50% stake in Corporación Habanos in Cuba. It also makes cigarettes. Scandinavian Tobacco Group, produces cigars in the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua, Indonesia, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark and the United States; it also makes pipe tobacco and fine cut tobacco. The Group includes General Cigar Co.
Pure tobacco, hand rolled cigars are marketed via advertisements, product placement in movies and other media, sporting events, cigar-friendly magazines such as Cigar Aficionado, and cigar dinners. Since handmade cigars are a premium product with a hefty price, advertisements often include depictions of affluence, sensual imagery, and explicit or implied celebrity endorsement.
Cigar Aficionado, launched in 1992, presents cigars as symbols of a successful lifestyle, and is a major conduit of advertisements that do not conform to the tobacco industry's voluntary advertisement restrictions since 1965, such as a restriction not to associate smoking with glamour. The magazine also presents pro-smoking arguments at length, and argues that cigars are safer than cigarettes, since they do not have the thousands of chemical additives that cigarette manufactures add to the cutting floor scraps of tobacco used as cigarette filler.
In the U.S., cigars are exempt from many of the marketing regulations that govern cigarettes. For example, the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1970 exempted cigars from its advertising ban, and cigar ads, unlike cigarette ads, need not mention health risks. As of 2007, cigars were taxed far less than cigarettes, so much so that in many U.S. states, a pack of little cigars cost less than half as much as a pack of cigarettes.
In the 1980s and 1990s, major U.S. print media portrayed cigars favorably; they generally framed cigar use as a lucrative business or a trendy habit, rather than as a health risk. Rich people are often caricatured as wearing top hats and tails and smoking cigars. Cigars are often smoked to celebrate special occasions: the birth of a child, a graduation, a big sale. The expression "close but no cigar" comes from the practice of giving cigars as prizes in games involving good aim at fairgrounds.
Like other forms of tobacco use, cigar smoking poses a significant health risk depending on dosage: risks are greater for those who inhale more when they smoke, smoke more cigars, or smoke them longer. The risk of dying from any cause is statistically greater for cigar smokers than for people who have never smoked, with the risk higher for smokers less than 65 years old, and with risk for moderate and deep inhalers reaching levels similar to cigarette smokers. According to one study published in 1999 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, current cigar users have shown a statistically significant, elevated mortality risk for cancers of the mouth, lungs, and larynx [喉] and a moderately elevated risk for cancer of the esophagus [食道], though this study assumed deep inhalation and multiple cigars per day, which is not typical of the traditional cigar smoker. No comparable statistical link was found for pancreatic or bladder cancer mortality in this study.
中国2015年度烟叶平均收购价格是27元/千克，国家指导的玉米收购价格为2元/千克，粳稻为3.1元/千克，小麦是2.4元/千克。香烟的重量控制标准是通常以百支为单位的，一般的百支重量需控制在92克正负2克，品牌不同控制标准也会存在差异，但不会差很多，基本上在1克左右，换算成单支烟后，重量标准为0.92正负0.02克，这是包括烟丝、滤棒、卷烟纸和水松纸后的总重量，单算烟丝的话，一支烟的烟丝重量为0.75克左右。水松纸(tipping paper)，又名接装纸，是一种卷烟包装材料，专供卷烟用作过滤嘴卷接包装，属特种工业用纸。因传统水松纸外观类似松木纹而得名。
六级/考研单词: tobacco, bundle, unite, probable, derive, encounter, peculiar, fragrant, harvest, cure, shade, rot, shed, barn, desire, humid, flavor, disintegrate, bail, inspect, mature, manufacture, wrap, accordingly, perpetual, premium, brand, chop, dominate, medium, supper, seldom, depict, affluent, implicit, celebrity, endorse, conform, volunteer, glamor, scrap, exempt, regulate, heal, advertise, parcel, portray, lucrative, pose, moderate, shallow, accord, journal, nationwide, elevate, mortal, lung, multiple
标签：risk,tobacco,leaves,cigar,than,cigars 来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/funwithwords/p/16366845.html
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