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VMware虚拟机中Centos 6.x系统磁盘空间扩容实战

2021-06-11 16:53:29  阅读：159  来源： 互联网

标签：Centos vg 虚拟机 bytes dev 磁盘空间 testcentos6 512 root


环境：

 CentOS 6.9

 平常在VMware上创建Linux系统虚拟机的时候，往往当时不会给太多的磁盘空间，在后期的使用过程中经常会遇到磁盘空间不足的情况，所以需要对Linux系统扩展磁盘空间。

扩展磁盘步骤：

1.磁盘扩展

 注意：只能在虚拟机关机的情况下操作，并且这个虚拟机上没有磁盘快照文件，如有需要删除才可以扩展。
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
 此时虽然在VMware虚拟机管理界面的扩容操作已经完成，但是这还只是扩容的第一步，后面还需要到操作系统内部进行操作。

2.查看分区信息

[root@test-centos6 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000a16bc

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        2611    20458496   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_root: 18.8 GB, 18798870528 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2285 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@test-centos6 ~]# lsblk      //列出块设备信息
NAME                              MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0                                11:0    1  447M  0 rom
sda                                 8:0    0   60G  0 disk
├─sda1                              8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
└─sda2                              8:2    0 19.5G  0 part
  ├─vg_testcentos6-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0    0 17.5G  0 lvm  /
  └─vg_testcentos6-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]

 可以看到目前磁盘/dev/sda已经有两个分区，分别为sda1、sda2。

3.新建分区sda3

[root@test-centos6 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').
         
Command (m for help): m     //列出可以执行的命令
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition     //选择分区，删除现有分区
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)
         
Command (m for help):  n     //建立新的磁盘分区
Command action
   e   extended        //逻辑分区
   p   primary partition (1-4)    //主分区
 p                                //建立主分区
Partition number (1-4): 3        //输入分区号
First cylinder (2611-7832, default 2611):    //分区起始位置（可直接回车也可以根据情况输入）
Using default value 2611
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2611-7832, default 7832):     //回车
Using default value 7832

Command (m for help): p       //列出磁盘目前的分区情况

Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000a16bc

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        2611    20458496   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3            2611        7832    41939020   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w         //对分区操作进行保存
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.             //正在同步磁盘

[root@test-centos6 ~]# fdisk -l      //查看分区创建情况

Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000a16bc

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        2611    20458496   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3            2611        7832    41939020   83  Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_root: 18.8 GB, 18798870528 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2285 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

4.重启系统并格式化分区sda3文件系统

[root@test-centos6 ~]# reboot

[root@test-centos6 ~]# lsblk
NAME                              MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0                                11:0    1  447M  0 rom
sda                                 8:0    0   60G  0 disk
├─sda1                              8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
├─sda2                              8:2    0 19.5G  0 part
│ ├─vg_testcentos6-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0    0 17.5G  0 lvm  /
│ └─vg_testcentos6-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
└─sda3                              8:3    0   40G  0 part

[root@test-centos6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3   //将/dev/sda3分区文件系统格式化为ext4
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
2621440 inodes, 10484755 blocks
524237 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
320 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624

正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

5.创建物理卷（pv）

 此步骤可省略:当将分区直接添加到卷组（vg）时，LVM会自动将分区转换为物理卷（pv）。

[root@test-centos6 ~]# lvm
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sda3      //创建物理卷pv
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
lvm> pvdisplay       //显示物理卷pv信息 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               vg_testcentos6      
  PV Size               19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4994
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          4994
  PV UUID               jMIPOc-sduo-sl4T-6iQ5-ledQ-1w9O-cweeEC

  "/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "40.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name
  PV Size               40.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               PVrdc7-fUEX-PAxZ-ME92-IuNU-khDC-c5tYlp

lvm> pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               vg_testcentos6
  PV Size               19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4994
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          4994
  PV UUID               jMIPOc-sduo-sl4T-6iQ5-ledQ-1w9O-cweeEC

  "/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "40.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name
  PV Size               40.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               PVrdc7-fUEX-PAxZ-ME92-IuNU-khDC-c5tYlp

6.查看并创建卷组（vg）

lvm> vgdisplay          //查看需要扩展的卷组vg名称
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_testcentos6          //卷组vg名称
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        3
  Metadata Sequence No  6
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                3
  Act PV                3
  VG Size               59.49 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              17790
  Alloc PE / Size       15232 / 19.50 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       2558 / 9.99 GiB
  VG UUID               yVVWYi-mV3I-f1WI-2QeH-HkVT-oBXP-2KkQ8v

lvm> vgextend vg_testcentos6 /dev/sda3     //扩展卷组（这里的“vg_testcentos6”名称为上面的卷组名称）
  Volume group "vg_testcentos6" successfully extended

7.扩展逻辑卷（lv）

[root@test-centos6 ~]# df -h         //查看扩展路径，这里也可以用fdisk -l查看
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_root           -----》  //**扩展路径**
                       18G   18G     0 100% /
tmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             485M   58M  403M  13% /boot

[root@test-centos6 ~]# lvm       //进入LVM管理器

lvm> lvextend -L +39.99G /dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_root     //扩展逻辑卷lv大小（通过fdisk -l/df -h查看要扩展过去的磁盘）
  Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 39.99 GiB.
  Size of logical volume vg_testcentos6/lv_root changed from 17.51 GiB (4482 extents) to 57.50 GiB (14720 extents)
  Logical volume lv_root successfully resized.

lvm> lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_testcentos6/lv_root' [57.50 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_testcentos6/lv_swap' [2.00 GiB] inherit

lvm> pvscan
  PV /dev/sda2   VG vg_testcentos6   lvm2 [19.51 GiB / 0    free]
  PV /dev/sda3   VG vg_testcentos6   lvm2 [39.99 GiB / 0    free]
  Total: 2 [59.50 GiB] / in use: 2 [59.50 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0   ]

lvm> exit
  Exiting.

8.查看分区情况

[root@test-centos6 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000a16bc

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        2611    20458496   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3            2611        7832    41939020   83  Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_root: 18.8 GB, 18798870528 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2285 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

注意：上面虽然显示物理卷/dev/sdb3有40G空闲，但是这里不能全部使用，可能只有39.99G可以使用。

7.激活即重新读取磁盘信息

 查看/dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_root的Type为ext4，所以使用resize2fs；如果文件类型是 xfs ，则使用xfs_growfs命令格式化。

[root@test-centos6 ~]# blkid      //查看文件系统
/dev/sda1: UUID="32a489a3-65c2-43a4-9aff-12c03eabc4dd" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="jMIPOc-sduo-sl4T-6iQ5-ledQ-1w9O-cweeEC" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/sda3: UUID="PVrdc7-fUEX-PAxZ-ME92-IuNU-khDC-c5tYlp" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_root: UUID="e8adf717-e78c-4845-a750-2a22a60689ed" TYPE="ext4"    //可以看到文件系统格式化为ext4
/dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_swap: UUID="ac33f130-95cc-4046-8bdd-db2d7c450f6d" TYPE="swap"

[root@test-centos6 ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_root    //ext4文件系统使用resize2fs
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 4
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_root to 15073280 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_root is now 15073280 blocks long.

[root@test-centos6 ~]# df -h       //查看激活状态
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_testcentos6-lv_root
                       57G  4.4G   50G   9% /
tmpfs                 1.9G  244K  1.9G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             485M   58M  403M  13% /boot

 可以看到现在我们的磁盘已经从最开始的19G扩展到了57G。

 

标签：Centos,vg,虚拟机,bytes,dev,磁盘空间,testcentos6,512,root
来源： https://blog.51cto.com/u_15266039/2896882

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