标签：Python screen def game score pygame Small self rect

Yesterday I learned the basic synta of Python,and I wrote the small in the book 《Python Crash Course》which named “Alien Invasion”

just a simple record

2021/1/7

hiahiahia

1.AlienInvasion

import sys
from time import sleep

import pygame

from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboard

class AlienInvasion:
    """管理游戏资源和行为的类"""
    def __init__(self):
        pygame.init()
        self.settings = Settings()
        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0,0),pygame.FULLSCREEN)
        self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
        self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height
    #   self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((self.settings.screen_width,self.settings.screen_height))
        pygame.display.set_caption(("Alien Invasion"))

        self.stats = GameStats(self)
        self.sb = Scoreboard(self)

        self.bg_color=(230,230,230)
        self.ship = Ship(self)
        self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
        self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()

        self._create_fleet()

        self.play_button = Button(self,"Play")

        self.game_active = True

    def run_game(self):
        """开始游戏的主循环"""
        while True:
            """监视键盘和鼠标事件"""
            self._check_events()
            if self.stats.game_active:
                self.ship.update()
                self._update_bullets()
                self._update_aliens()
            self._update_screen()
            #删除消失的子弹
            self._update_bullets()
            print(len(self.bullets))
    def _check_aliens_bottom(self):
        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
                self._ship_hit()
                break
    def _ship_hit(self):
        """响应飞船被外星人撞到"""
        if self.stats.ship_left > 0:
            self.stats.ship_left -= 1
            self.sb.prep_ships()

            self.aliens.empty()
            self.bullets.empty()

            self._create_fleet()
            self.ship.center_ship()
            sleep(0.5)
        else:
            self.stats.game_active = False
            pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
    def _check_events(self):
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                self._check_keydown_events(event)
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                self._check_keyup_events(event)
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                moust_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                self._check_play_button(moust_pos)
    def _check_play_button(self,mouse_pos):
        button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
        if self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos):
            self.settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
            self.stats.game_active = True
            self.sb.prep_score()
            self.sb.prep_level()
            self.sb.prep_ships()

            self.aliens.empty()
            self.bullets.empty()

            self._create_fleet()
            self.ship.center_ship()
            pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
    def _check_keydown_events(self,event):
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            # 向右移动飞船
            self.ship.moving_right = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
            self._fire_bullet()
        elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
            sys.exit()
    def _check_keyup_events(self,event):
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = False
        if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = False
    def _fire_bullet(self):
        """创建一颗子弹，并将其加入编组bullets中"""
        if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:
            new_bullet = Bullet(self)
            self.bullets.add(new_bullet)
    def _update_screen(self):
        # 每次循环时都重绘屏幕
        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
        self.ship.blitme()
        for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
            bullet.draw_bullet()
        self.aliens.draw(self.screen)

        self.sb.show_score()

        if not self.stats.game_active:
            self.play_button.draw_button()
        # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
        pygame.display.flip()
    def _update_bullets(self):
        self.bullets.update()
        for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
            if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
                self.bullets.remove(bullet)
        self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()
    def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):
        collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(self.bullets, self.aliens, True, True)
        if collisions:
            for alines in collisions.values():
                self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_points * len(alines)
            self.sb.prep_score()
            self.sb.check_high_score()
        if not self.aliens:
            self.bullets.empty()
            self._create_fleet()
            self.settings.increase_speed()

            self.stats.level += 1
            self.sb.prep_level()
    def _create_fleet(self):
        """创建外星人群"""
        #创建一个外星人
        alien = Alien(self)
        alien_width,alien_height = alien.rect.size
        alien_width = alien.rect.width
        available_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)
        number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2 * alien_width)

        #计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人
        ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
        available_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
        number_rows = available_space_y // (2 * alien_height)

        #创建第一行外星人
        for row_number in range(number_rows):
            for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
                self._create_alien(alien_number,row_number)
    def _create_alien(self,alien_number,row_number):
        # 创建一个外星人并将其加入当前行
        alien = Alien(self)
        alien_width,alien_height = alien.rect.size
        alien_width = alien.rect.width
        alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_number * alien_width
        alien.rect.x = alien.x
        alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
        self.aliens.add(alien)
    def _update_aliens(self):
        self._check_fleet_edges()
        self.aliens.update()

        if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship,self.aliens):
            self._ship_hit()
        #    print("Ship hit!!!")
        self._check_aliens_bottom()
    def _check_fleet_edges(self):
        """有外星人到达边缘时采取相应的措施"""
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            if alien.check_edges():
                self._change_fleet_direction()
                break
    def _change_fleet_direction(self):
        """将整群外星人下移，并改变他们的方向"""
        for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
            alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
        self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1
if __name__ == '__main__':
    #创建游戏实例并运行游戏
    ai = AlienInvasion()
    ai.run_game()

2.Alien

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Alien(Sprite):
    """表示单个外星人的类"""

    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings

        #加载外星人图像并设置其rect属性
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        #每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近
        self.rect.x = self.rect.width
        self.rect.x = self.rect.height

        #存储外星人的精确水平位置
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)
    def update(self):
        """移动外星人"""
        self.x += (self.settings.alien_speed * self.settings.fleet_direction)
        self.rect.x = self.x
    def check_edges(self):
        """如果外星人位于屏幕边缘就返回True"""
        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right or self.rect.left <= 0:
            return True

3.Ship

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Ship(Sprite):
    """管理飞船的类"""

    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()

        #加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        #对于每艘新飞船，都将其放置在屏幕的中央
        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom

        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

        #移动标志
        self.moving_right = False
        self.moving_left = False
    def update(self):
        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
            self.x += self.settings.ship_speed
        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
            self.x -= self.settings.ship_speed
        self.rect.x = self.x
    def blitme(self):
        """在指定位置绘制飞船"""
        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
    def center_ship(self):
        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

4.Bullet

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Bullet(Sprite):
    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.color = self.settings.bullet_color

        #在（0,0）处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.settings.bullet_width,self.settings.bullet_height)
        self.rect.midtop = ai_game.ship.rect.midtop

        #用小数存储表示的子弹位置
        self.y = float(self.rect.y)

    def update(self):
        """向上移动子弹"""
        #更新表示子弹位置的小数值
        self.y -= self.settings.bullet_speed
        #更新表示子弹的rect的位置
        self.rect.y = self.y
    def draw_bullet(self):
        """在屏幕上绘制子弹"""
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

5.GameStates

class GameStats:
    """跟踪游戏的统计信息"""

    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.reset_stats()
        self.game_active = False
        self.high_score = 0
    def reset_stats(self):
        self.ship_left = self.settings.ship_limit
        self.score = 0
        self.level = 1

6.ScoreBoard

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group

from ship import Ship

class Scoreboard:
    def __init__(self,ai_game):
        self.ai_game = ai_game
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.stats = ai_game.stats

        self.text_color = (30, 30, 30)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)
        self.prep_score()
        self.prep_high_score()
        self.prep_level()
        self.prep_ships()
    def prep_score(self):
        rounded_score = round(self.stats.score, -1)
        score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
        self.socre_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)
        self.score_rect = self.socre_image.get_rect()
        self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
        self.score_rect.top = 20
    def show_score(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.socre_image,self.score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
        self.ships.draw(self.screen)
    def prep_high_score(self):
        high_score = round(self.stats.high_score,-1)
        high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
        self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)

        self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
        self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top
    def check_high_score(self):
        """检查是否产生了新的最高分"""
        if self.stats.score > self.stats.high_score:
            self.stats.high_score = self.stats.score
            self.prep_high_score()
    def prep_level(self):
        level_str = str(self.stats.level)
        self.level_image = self.font.render(level_str,True,self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)

        self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
        self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
        self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10
    def prep_ships(self):
        self.ships = Group()
        for ship_number in range(self.stats.ship_left):
            ship = Ship(self.ai_game)
            ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
            ship.rect.y = 10
            self.ships.add(ship)

7.Button

import pygame.font

class Button:
    def __init__(self,ai_game,msg):
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()

        self.width,self.height = 200,50
        self.button_color = (0,255, 0)
        self.text_color = (255,255,255)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
        self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center

        self._prep_msg(msg)
    def _prep_msg(self,msg):
        """将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中"""
        self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
        self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
        self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
    def draw_button(self):
        self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

8.Settings

class Settings:
    """存储游戏《外星人入侵》中所有设置的类"""

    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏的设置"""
        #屏幕设置
        self.screen_width = 1200
        self.screen_height = 800
        self.bg_color = (230,230,230)
        self.ship_speed = 1.5
        self.ship_limit = 3

        self.bullet_speed = 1.5
        self.bullet_width = 300
        self.bullet_height = 15
        self.bullet_color = (60,60,60)
        self.bullets_allowed = 3

        self.alien_speed = 1.0
        self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
        # fleet_direction 为1表示向右移动，-1左移
        self.fleet_direction = 1
        self.speed_scale  = 1.1
        self.score_scale = 1.5

        self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
    def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
        self.ship_speed = 1.5
        self.bullet_speed = 3.0
        self.alien_speed = 1.0

        self.fleet_direction = 1

        self.alien_points = 50
    def increase_speed(self):
        self.ship_speed *= self.speed_scale
        self.bullet_speed *= self.speed_scale
        self.alien_speed *= self.speed_scale

        self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)
        print(self.alien_points)

9.Images

Alien:

Ship：

标签：Python,screen,def,game,score,pygame,Small,self,rect
来源： https://blog.csdn.net/Raki_J/article/details/112338121

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