有没有办法在python中获取给定字符的技术信息,就像在Unicode表中显示一样？ (cf.https://unicode-table.com/en/)
例：
字母“Ȅ”
>名称>拉丁语大写字母E与双重坟墓
> Unicode编号> U 0204
> HTML代码> Ȅ
> Bloc> Latin Extended-B
>小写> ȅ
我真正需要的是获取任何Unicode编号(如此处为U 0204)相应的名称(拉丁大写字母E和双重坟墓)和小写版本(此处为“ȅ”).
大致：
input =一个Unicode编号
输出=相应的信息
我能找到的最接近的东西是fontTools库,但我似乎找不到任何关于如何使用它来做这方面的教程/文档.
谢谢.
解决方法:
标准模块unicodedata定义了许多属性,但不是所有属性.快速查看its source确认了这一点.
幸运的是unicodedata.txt,这个来自的数据文件,并不难解析.每行包含15个元素,分离,这使其成为解析的理想选择.使用ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/3.0-Update/UnicodeData-3.0.0.html上元素的描述,您可以创建一些类来封装数据.我从该列表中获取了类元素的名称;每个元素的含义在同一页面上解释.
请务必先下载ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.txt和ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Blocks.txt,并将它们放在与此程序相同的文件夹中.
代码(使用Python 2.7和3.6测试)：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
class UnicodeCharacter:
def __init__(self):
self.code = 0
self.name = 'unnamed'
self.category = ''
self.combining = ''
self.bidirectional = ''
self.decomposition = ''
self.asDecimal = None
self.asDigit = None
self.asNumeric = None
self.mirrored = False
self.uc1Name = None
self.comment = ''
self.uppercase = None
self.lowercase = None
self.titlecase = None
self.block = None
def __getitem__(self, item):
return getattr(self, item)
def __repr__(self):
return '{'+self.name+'}'
class UnicodeBlock:
def __init__(self):
self.first = 0
self.last = 0
self.name = 'unnamed'
def __repr__(self):
return '{'+self.name+'}'
class BlockList:
def __init__(self):
self.blocklist = []
with open('Blocks.txt','r') as uc_f:
for line in uc_f:
line = line.strip(' \r\n')
if '#' in line:
line = line.split('#')[0].strip()
if line != '':
rawdata = line.split(';')
block = UnicodeBlock()
block.name = rawdata[1].strip()
rawdata = rawdata[0].split('..')
block.first = int(rawdata[0],16)
block.last = int(rawdata[1],16)
self.blocklist.append(block)
# make 100% sure it's sorted, for quicker look-up later
# (it is usually sorted in the file, but better make sure)
self.blocklist.sort (key=lambda x: block.first)
def lookup(self,code):
for item in self.blocklist:
if code >= item.first and code <= item.last:
return item.name
return None
class UnicodeList:
"""UnicodeList loads Unicode data from the external files
'UnicodeData.txt' and 'Blocks.txt', both available at unicode.org
These files must appear in the same directory as this program.
UnicodeList is a new interpretation of the standard library
'unicodedata'; you may first want to check if its functionality
suffices.
As UnicodeList loads its data from an external file, it does not depend
on the local build from Python (in which the Unicode data gets frozen
to the then 'current' version).
Initialize with
uclist = UnicodeList()
"""
def __init__(self):
# we need this first
blocklist = BlockList()
bpos = 0
self.codelist = []
with open('UnicodeData.txt','r') as uc_f:
for line in uc_f:
line = line.strip(' \r\n')
if '#' in line:
line = line.split('#')[0].strip()
if line != '':
rawdata = line.strip().split(';')
parsed = UnicodeCharacter()
parsed.code = int(rawdata[0],16)
parsed.characterName = rawdata[1]
parsed.category = rawdata[2]
parsed.combining = rawdata[3]
parsed.bidirectional = rawdata[4]
parsed.decomposition = rawdata[5]
parsed.asDecimal = int(rawdata[6]) if rawdata[6] else None
parsed.asDigit = int(rawdata[7]) if rawdata[7] else None
# the following value may contain a slash:
# ONE QUARTER ... 1/4
# let's make it Python 2.7 compatible :)
if '/' in rawdata[8]:
rawdata[8] = rawdata[8].replace('/','./')
parsed.asNumeric = eval(rawdata[8])
else:
parsed.asNumeric = int(rawdata[8]) if rawdata[8] else None
parsed.mirrored = rawdata[9] == 'Y'
parsed.uc1Name = rawdata[10]
parsed.comment = rawdata[11]
parsed.uppercase = int(rawdata[12],16) if rawdata[12] else None
parsed.lowercase = int(rawdata[13],16) if rawdata[13] else None
parsed.titlecase = int(rawdata[14],16) if rawdata[14] else None
while bpos < len(blocklist.blocklist) and parsed.code > blocklist.blocklist[bpos].last:
bpos += 1
parsed.block = blocklist.blocklist[bpos].name if bpos < len(blocklist.blocklist) and parsed.code >= blocklist.blocklist[bpos].first else None
self.codelist.append(parsed)
def find_code(self,codepoint):
"""Find the Unicode information for a codepoint (as int).
Returns:
a UnicodeCharacter class object or None.
"""
# the list is unlikely to contain duplicates but I have seen Unicode.org
# doing that in similar situations. Again, better make sure.
val = [x for x in self.codelist if codepoint == x.code]
return val[0] if val else None
def find_char(self,str):
"""Find the Unicode information for a codepoint (as character).
Returns:
for a single character: a UnicodeCharacter class object or
None.
for a multicharacter string: a list of the above, one element
per character.
"""
if len(str) > 1:
result = [self.find_code(ord(x)) for x in str]
return result
else:
return self.find_code(ord(str))
加载后,您现在可以使用查找字符代码
>>> ul = UnicodeList() # ONLY NEEDED ONCE!
>>> print (ul.find_code(0x204))
{LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE}
默认情况下,它显示为字符的名称(Unicode将其称为“代码点”),但您也可以检索其他属性：
>>> print ('%04X' % uc.find_code(0x204).lowercase)
0205
>>> print (ul.lookup(0x204).block)
Latin Extended-B
并且(只要你没有得到无)甚至链接他们：
>>> print (ul.find_code(ul.find_code(0x204).lowercase))
{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE}
它不依赖于您的特定Python构建;您可以随时从unicode.org下载更新列表,并确保获取最新信息：
import unicodedata
>>> print (unicodedata.name('\U0001F903'))
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: no such name
>>> print (uclist.find_code(0x1f903))
{LEFT HALF CIRCLE WITH FOUR DOTS}
(正如使用Python 3.5.3测试的那样.)
目前定义了两个查找函数：
> find_code(int)通过codepoint将字符信息查找为整数.
> find_char(string)查找字符串中字符的字符信息.如果只有一个字符,则返回一个UnicodeCharacter对象;如果还有更多,则返回一个对象列表.
导入unicodelist(假设你将其保存为unicodelist.py)后,即可使用
>>> ul = UnicodeList()
>>> hex(ul.find_char(u'è').code)
'0xe8'
查找任何字符的十六进制代码,以及列表理解,例如
>>> l = [hex(ul.find_char(x).code) for x in 'Hello']
>>> l
['0x48', '0x65', '0x6c', '0x6c', '0x6f']
更长的字符串.请注意,如果你想要的只是一个字符串的十六进制表示,你实际上并不需要所有这些！这足以：
l = [hex(ord(x)) for x in 'Hello']
此模块的目的是为了便于访问其他Unicode属性.更长的例子：
str = 'Héllo...'
dest = ''
for i in str:
dest += chr(ul.find_char(i).uppercase) if ul.find_char(i).uppercase is not None else i
print (dest)
HÉLLO...
并根据您的示例显示角色的属性列表：
letter = u'Ȅ'
print ('Name > '+ul.find_char(letter).name)
print ('Unicode number > U+%04x' % ul.find_char(letter).code)
print ('Bloc > '+ul.find_char(letter).block)
print ('Lowercase > %s' % chr(ul.find_char(letter).lowercase))
(我遗漏了HTML;这些名称没有在Unicode标准中定义.)
标签：glyph,python,unicode 来源： https://codeday.me/bug/20191002/1841299.html
本站声明： 1. iCode9 技术分享网（下文简称本站）提供的所有内容，仅供技术学习、探讨和分享； 2. 关于本站的所有留言、评论、转载及引用，纯属内容发起人的个人观点，与本站观点和立场无关； 3. 关于本站的所有言论和文字，纯属内容发起人的个人观点，与本站观点和立场无关； 4. 本站文章均是网友提供，不完全保证技术分享内容的完整性、准确性、时效性、风险性和版权归属；如您发现该文章侵犯了您的权益，可联系我们第一时间进行删除； 5. 本站为非盈利性的个人网站，所有内容不会用来进行牟利，也不会利用任何形式的广告来间接获益，纯粹是为了广大技术爱好者提供技术内容和技术思想的分享性交流网站。